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← All articlesEditorial brief · abstract-levelScore 64/100Confidence medium
medrxiv2026-09-03neurobiologyophthalmologypsychiatry

Shared genes between retina and psychiatry put mitochondria on the bipolar-disorder side

Retinal-layer genetics overlap major psychiatric disorders, most with ganglion-cell inner plexiform thickness (~60%). Pathway follow-up is disorder-specific: schizophrenia looks GABAergic and developmental; bipolar disorder looks mitochondrial with a weaker developmental component; depression looks synaptic and gene-expression. The eye is a window, and for bipolar it is an organelle window.

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Signal profile (abstract-level)

neurobiology · ophthalmology · psychiatry

Score 64/100MEDRXIVmedium confidenceneurobiology
64
Importance
50
Mito signal
39
Dysfunction
75
Evidence
15
Translational

Editorial signal profile from the abstract (importance score, mito keywords, dysfunction tags, evidence density, translational cues). Not a figure reproduced from the preprint PDF.

Finding. Retinal structure and major psychiatric disorders share DNA. Jaholkowski, Andreassen and colleagues count the sharing: ganglion-cell inner plexiform layer about 60%, nerve-fiber layer 40%, cup-disc 20%. Schizophrenia and bipolar lean on the nerve-fiber layer; depression anticorrelates with GCIPL. The pathways split. Schizophrenia is GABA and a two-stage developmental story. Bipolar is mitochondria, with less development. Depression is synapses and expression machinery.

Score 64. Genetic overlap, mitochondria tagged to BD. Confidence is medium: pathway inference.

What to do with it If you mine psychiatry mitochondria, start with the BD-retina gene list, not a generic MPD set.

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Source preprint

Molecular Underpinnings of Retinal Traits Shared with Major Psychiatric Disorders

10.64898/2026.08.31.26361809

Jaholkowski P, Parker N, Sveen IO, Wistrom ED, Fominykh V, Szabo A, Parekh P, Frei O, Smeland OB, O'Connell KS, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Shadrin AA, Andreassen OA.

Open on medrxiv →PDF

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